Masiku ano, chidziwitso cha anthu chokhudza kuteteza chilengedwe chikukwera kwambiri. Popeza kuti kulimbikitsa kuti “madzi abwino ndi mapiri obiriwira ndi mapiri agolide ndi mapiri asiliva”, njira yodziwira zinyalala zapakhomo komanso kutulutsa zinyalala moyenera zikuyendetsedwa nthawi zonse. Komabe, m'madera ambiri akumidzi, malo okhalamo ndi otsika kwambiri, popanda thandizo la zida zoyenera zoyeretsera zinyalala zakumidzi, ndipo malo awo aukhondo ndi osauka kwambiri, makamaka pankhani yosamalira madzi apakhomo, palibe choletsa chabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chiziipiraipira, chuma chiziipiraipira, komanso moyo ukhale woipa kwambiri.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zotsukira zinyalala zakumidzi, ndipo zida zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
1. Zipangizo zoyeretsera zinyalala zapakhomo
Madzi otayira m'nyumba amatanthauza madzi otayira m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu, kuphatikizapo madzi otayira m'nyumba, m'masukulu, m'zipatala ndi m'mayunitsi ena. M'madera akumidzi, popeza kulibe mapaipi amadzi oyenda, mabanja ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi a m'zitsime kapena madzi a m'mitsinje. Magwero a madzi amenewa nthawi zambiri si aukhondo, choncho zida zoyeretsera madzi otayira m'nyumba ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Pakadali pano, zida zochizira zinyalala zapakhomo zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ndi izi: fyuluta yachilengedwe, malo onyowa opangidwa, dziwe losambira, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizozi zimadutsa zinyalala kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kuti zichotse zinthu zoipitsa ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zoyera komanso zopanda vuto.
2. Zipangizo zoyeretsera zinyalala za ziweto
Makampani obereketsa ziweto ndi nkhuku kumidzi ndi gwero lofunika kwambiri la ndalama kwa alimi, koma ndowe za ziweto ndi nkhuku ndi mkodzo zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yobereketsa zimaipitsa chilengedwe ndikukhudza kwambiri moyo wa anthu okhala m'derali. Chifukwa chake, zida zotsukira zinyalala za ziweto ndi nkhuku nazonso ndi gawo lofunikira pakutsuka zinyalala zakumidzi.
Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zoyeretsera zinyalala za ziweto ndi nkhuku zimaphatikizapo: zoyeretsera mpweya wa biogas, malo onyowa omangidwa, kulekanitsa nembanemba, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizozi zimakonza ndowe ndi mkodzo wa ziweto pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi, zamankhwala kapena zamoyo kuti zichotse zinthu zoipitsa ndikuzipangitsa kukhala zopanda vuto komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'madera akumidzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsukira zinyalala ndikochepa, ndipo zinyalala zambiri zimatulutsidwa mwachindunji m'mitsinje, zomwe sizimangowononga chilengedwe, komanso zimakhudza thanzi la anthu okhala m'deralo. Ndiye, ndi mtundu wanji wa zida zotsukira zinyalala zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri kumadera akumidzi? Tiyeni tikambirane pamodzi.
1. Fyuluta yachilengedwe
Biofilter ndi chipangizo chodziwika bwino chotsukira zinyalala, chomwe chimasintha zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili m'zinyalala kukhala zinthu zopanda chilengedwe kudzera mu kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kuti chikwaniritse zotsatira za kuyeretsa madzi. Poyerekeza ndi zida zina, mtengo wa biofilter ndi wotsika, ndipo mtengo wokonza nawonso ndi wotsika. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi otsukidwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothirira ndi zina.
2. Malo onyowa opangidwa
Malo onyowa omangidwa ndi mtundu wa zida zotsukira zinyalala zochokera ku chilengedwe cha malo onyowa. Amasintha zinthu zovulaza m'zinyalala kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto kudzera mu zochita za zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo amathanso kuchotsa michere monga nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. Poyerekeza ndi zida zina, mtengo womangira malo onyowa opangidwa ndi wapamwamba, koma mtengo wogwirira ntchito ndi wotsika, ndipo sufuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwaukadaulo, kotero ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumidzi.
3. Choyambitsa matenda a anaerobic
Anaerobic bioreactor ndi chipangizo choyeretsera zinyalala chomwe chingathe kuchita zinthu zamoyo m'malo opanda mpweya. Chingathe kuchotsa bwino zinthu zachilengedwe ndi michere monga nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous m'zinyalala. Poyerekeza ndi zida zina, mtengo wa anaerobic bioreactor ndi wokwera, koma umakhala m'dera laling'ono ndipo sufuna magetsi ambiri, kotero ndi woyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera akumidzi.
Mwachidule, zida zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera zinyalala zili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha zida zomwe zikukuyenererani. Posankha zida zoyeretsera zinyalala, ndikofunikira kuganizira mozama malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zachuma, zofunikira pa khalidwe la madzi, zofunikira pa kuteteza chilengedwe ndi zina. Ndikukhulupirira kuti kudzera mu nkhaniyi, nditha kukupatsani maumboni ena kuti ntchito yoyeretsera zinyalala m'madera akumidzi ikhale yosavuta.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-25-2023