Zero kukhetsa mafakitale zinyalala mankhwala ndi cholinga chofunika m'munda wa chitetezo chilengedwe, kudzera njira luso tikwaniritse bwino chithandizo cha madzi oipa ndi magwiritsidwe ntchito, kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, chitetezo cha madzi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ndiyambitsa njira zingapo zamakono zochizira madzi akunyansidwa m'mafakitale zero zero discharge.
Choyamba, ukadaulo wochizira thupi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zopezera ziro zotulutsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale. Mwa iwo, ukadaulo wolekanitsa wa membrane ndi njira yothandiza komanso yopulumutsa mphamvu yamankhwala. Kupyolera mu kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za membrane ndi kukula kosiyana kwa pore, zinthu zovulaza ndi ayoni olemera kwambiri m'madzi onyansa amalekanitsidwa bwino kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kuyeretsa madzi. Ukadaulo wosefera wapawiri-membrane, mwachitsanzo, njira yophatikizira nembanemba ya ultrafiltration ndi nembanemba ya reverse osmosis, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri paukadaulo wolekanitsa nembanemba. Tekinoloje iyi imatha kusefera mozama kangapo kwa madzi oyipa, kuchotsa zinthu zovulaza, ndikubwezeretsanso moyenera madzi oyipa kuti akwaniritse zero.
Kachiwiri, ukadaulo wochizira mankhwala ndi njira yofunikira yokwaniritsira kutulutsa kwamadzi onyansa kumafakitale. Tekinoloje ya Redox imasintha zowononga m'madzi otayira kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni komanso zopanda vuto kudzera muzochita zamakina, motero zimakwaniritsa kuzama kwa madzi oyipa. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa okosijeni, monga Fenton oxidation ndi ozoni oxidation, amatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zamoyo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziyika m'madzi onyansa ndikuwongolera biochemistry yamadzi onyansa. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yothira mankhwala, njira yosinthira ma ion, ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito matekinoloje opangira mankhwala, omwe amatha kuchotsa ayoni achitsulo cholemera ndi zinthu zoyimitsidwa m'madzi onyansa.
Ukadaulo wochizira zamoyo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuchotsa madzi onyansa m'mafakitale. Ukadaulo wamankhwala azachilengedwe umagwiritsa ntchito kagayidwe kazachilengedwe kuti awole ndikusintha zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi onyansa. Ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wamankhwala achilengedwe amaphatikiza matope oyendetsedwa, biofilm, ndi chimbudzi cha anaerobic. Matekinolojewa amatha kuchotsa bwino zowononga zachilengedwe m'madzi oipa, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa okosijeni wa biochemical (BOD) ndi kufunikira kwa okosijeni wamankhwala (COD) m'madzi onyansa, ndikukwaniritsa kusamalidwa kosavulaza kwamadzi onyansa.
Kuphatikiza pa njira zingapo zaukadaulo zomwe zili pamwambazi, palinso matekinoloje omwe akubwera omwe amathandizanso kwambiri pakuchotsa madzi onyansa m'mafakitale. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa evaporation crystallisation umakwaniritsa kulekanitsa kwamadzi olimba kwamadzi otayidwa potulutsa nthunzi m'madzi onyansa kotero kuti mchere womwe umasungunuka umasungunuka ndikutuluka. Tekinoloje iyi imatha kuchotsa bwino mchere ndi zinthu zovulaza m'madzi otayira ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha zero kutulutsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zida ndiyenso chinsinsi chothandizira kutulutsa zero pakuyeretsa madzi onyansa m'mafakitale. Pochotsa ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zothandiza m'madzi otayira, sikuti mpweya wamadzi wotayira ukhoza kuchepetsedwa, komanso kukonzanso zinthu kungathe kutheka. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni azitsulo zolemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi otayidwa amatha kubwezeredwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera munjira zinazake zaukadaulo kuti akwaniritse kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi oyipa.
Mwachidule, pali njira zosiyanasiyana zamaukadaulo zotsuka madzi otayira m'mafakitale osatulutsa ziro, kuphatikiza ukadaulo wamankhwala, ukadaulo wochizira mankhwala, ukadaulo wamankhwala achilengedwe komanso ukadaulo wobwezeretsa zinthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito matekinolojewa kuyenera kusankhidwa ndikuwongoleredwa molingana ndi momwe madzi otayira alili komanso zofunikira zochizira, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chakugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe ndi madzi otayira opanda ziro. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza ndi luso la sayansi ndi luso, amakhulupirira kuti m'tsogolomu padzakhala njira zamakono zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa mankhwala amadzi onyansa a mafakitale, kulimbikitsa chifukwa cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe kumtunda wapamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-29-2024